During the Renaissance in Italy, architects and artists investigated the question of how to draw three dimensional objects on flat surfaces. They began to think of a painting as an "open window" through which the viewer sees the painted world. They also developed a system of mathematical rules known as
linear perspective to help painters achieve their goal of realism.
Leonardo learned the rules of perspective and practiced using the window as a device for drawing perspective correctly while he was an apprentice in Verrochio's studio.