Primary Connections:

MA Science and Technology/Engineering Framework (2006)
(Massachusetts)

• Earth and Space Science > The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
• Earth and Space Science > The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
• Earth and Space Science > The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
• Earth and Space Science > The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)

Secondary Connections:

MA Science and Technology/Engineering Framework (2006)
(Massachusetts)

• Earth and Space Science > The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
• Earth and Space Science > The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
• Earth and Space Science > The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
• Earth and Space Science > The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
• Earth and Space Science > The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)

National Science Education Standards (1996)
(National)

• Earth and Space Science > Origin and evolution of the universe (Grade: 9 – 12)
• Earth and Space Science > Origin and evolution of the universe (Grade: 9 – 12)
• Earth and Space Science > Origin and evolution of the universe (Grade: 9 – 12)
• Earth and Space Science > Origin and evolution of the earth system (Grade: 9 – 12)

Primary Connections:

MA Science and Technology/Engineering Framework (2006)
(Massachusetts)

• Earth and Space Science > 4.2 The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
  Define the unit of distance called a light year.
• Earth and Space Science > 4.3_ The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
  Broad Concept: Gravity influences the formation and life cycles of galaxies, including our own Milky Way Galaxy, stars, planetary systems, and residual material left from the creation of the solar system. These objects move in regular patterns under the influence of gravity.
• Earth and Space Science > 4.5_ The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
  Broad Concept: Our solar system is composed of a star, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and residual material left from the evolution of the solar system over time.
• Earth and Space Science > 4.5 The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
  Compare and contrast the motions of rotation and revolution of orbiting bodies, e.g., day, year, solar/lunar eclipses. Describe the influence of gravity and inertia on these motions.

Secondary Connections:

MA Science and Technology/Engineering Framework (2006)
(Massachusetts)

• Earth and Space Science > 4.6 The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
  Explain Kepler's Laws of Motion.
• Earth and Space Science > 4.4 The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
  Compare and contrast the final three outcomes of stellar evolution based on mass (black hole, neutron star, white dwarf).
• Earth and Space Science > 4.1 The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
  Explain the Big Bang Theory and discuss the evidence that supports it (background radiation, and Relativistic Doppler effect ~ red shift).
• Earth and Space Science > 4.1_ The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
  Broad Concept: The origin of the universe, between 10 and 20 billion years ago, remains one of the greatest questions in science.
• Earth and Space Science > 4.8 The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Grade: 9 – 10)
  Explain how the sun, earth, and solar system formed from a nebula of dust and gas in a spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy about 4.6 billion years ago.

National Science Education Standards (1996)
(National)

• Earth and Space Science > Origin and evolution of the universe (Grade: 9 – 12)
  Stars produce energy from nuclear reactions, primarily the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. These and other processes in stars have led to the formation of all the other elements.
• Earth and Space Science > Origin and evolution of the universe (Grade: 9 – 12)
  Early in the history of the universe, matter, primarily the light atoms hydrogen and helium, clumped together by gravitational attraction to form countless trillions of stars. Billions of galaxies, each of which is a gravitationally bound cluster of billions of stars, now form most of the visible mass in the universe.
• Earth and Space Science > Origin and evolution of the universe (Grade: 9 – 12)
  The origin of the universe remains one of the greatest questions in science. The "big bang" theory places the origin between 10 and 20 billion years ago, when the universe began in a hot dense state; according to this theory, the universe has been expanding ever since.
• Earth and Space Science > Origin and evolution of the earth system (Grade: 9 – 12)
  The sun, the earth, and the rest of the solar system formed from a nebular cloud of dust and gas 4.6 billion years ago. The early earth was very different from the planet we live on today.