Many children enjoy participating in art activities, and no wonder — art provides children a means by which to work with their hands and spark their creativity. In the Discovery Center, our goal is to help children become equally as fascinated with the science behind their artistic creations. The Secret Messages activity encourages children to explore the properties of pigments, papers, water and waxes as they try to find the best combination of materials to write, and de-code, their own “invisible” messages.
During this activity, children are challenged to design and conduct mini-experiments to figure out how changing each of three variables - paint color, paper type, and wax type - changes the outcome of their Secret Message. Children also have the opportunity to practice using tools - like paintbrushes and crayons - as they write, mix, paint and blot. Through this activity, children may learn about how to make secondary colors by mixing primary paint colors (red, yellow, and blue) on their paper. The Secret Messages activity also encourages the development of literacy skills, as children practice writing and identifying letters and shapes to create and de-code their messages.
Getting ready
Secret Messages Materials List
Creating a Secret Message

Exploring the Science behind Secret Messages:
Secret Messages work because of the interactions between water, wax and paper.
As the watercolor paints are brushed onto a secret message, the paper absorbs the watercolor because of adhesion (that is, water molecules stick to the fibers of the paper).
In contrast to the paper, which absorbs water, waxes are made of hydrophobic (“afraid of water”) molecules, which do not like to stick to water molecules. (Oil is also made of hydrophobic molecules, and many people have heard that oil and water do not mix- the same is true of waxes).
Since the wax and water molecules do not stick together, water beads up on the surface of the wax. The watercolors can not penetrate the wax to get to the paper, so for any part of the paper that is covered with wax, the paper will not be able to absorb the paint.
These differences in the properties of wax and paper make secret messages possible.

Questions to think about: